"Thus it was when Grandfather harvested"

Before Steve returns with news of adventures in the Czech Republic, here’s some from Denmark. Knowing our interest in scything, our hosts in northern Denmark pointed out an old photograph (below) in the local paper promoting a haymaking day using old methods, tools and machinery. Undeterred by our lack of gingham frocks, scythes and Danish language we decided to go along.

The Vendsyssel Historical Museum is set in the midst of lush rolling countryside in Jutland, the northernmost tip of Denmark. It’s a collection of farm buildings and land, with a traditional whitewashed smallholding farmhouse dating from and furnished as in 1900. Old species of animals wander in and out – we met the pigs, the kitten and a chicken sitting on the visitors’ book. Rumpled bedclothes suggested Goldilocks might have just run out and the three bears would soon be home. But it is not a typical open-air museum. The tools and furnishings are old-fashioned but many are reconstructions. The museum exhibits actual work processes so that, as it describes in its visitor information, ‘old methods and skills are not forgotten’. In Denmark, scything isn’t much practised except for management of environmentally sensitive areas. But as in the UK, where old ways of doing things are sparking interest, with unexpected TV hits such as Tales from the Green Valley, Victorian Farm and Edwardian Farm, so too in Denmark, where a TV series about a man trying to farm without machinery is a popular hit. It’s called Bonderou, meaning ‘Country Bumpkin’, literally ‘Farmer’s Bum’.
The museum’s Nature Guide is Jakob Kofoed, who arranged the museum’s first haymaking day, and on a warm sunny June Sunday, a small crowd gathered to try out old ways.
The day began with Jakob (on the left below) explaining the rich variety of grasses and plants in the meadows to be cut.
denmark June 2011 Jakob
We were made to feel very welcome and were lent two magnificent old scythes from the museum’s working collection. Each had a long Austrian blade, a straight snath, the top handle on a long extension which gives plenty of leverage for the left side of the swath, the bottom handle without an extension. A dry sharpening file fitted on the haft which also had two brackets for fitting grain cradles (below). Jakob gave us a tour of the tool collection in which there were several scythes with cradles – more of them in another post.
Danish scythe
Hay racks were built and stacked and a collection of farm machines in apparently immaculate condition were put to use (below). Needless to say the old tractors drew the most admirers, but a steady stream of visitors came to ‘have a go’ at scything and some were able to demonstrate skills learnt years ago.
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The grass was gorgeous and the blade cut well. We aimed for the wide consistent swaths we’d been taught to cut by Simon Fairlie and Steve Tomlin. It was though hot work. The sun was climbing higher. We hadn’t adjusted our borrowed scythes, which were heavier than we were used to and with longer blades. An older local man thought all our swinging around was quite unnecessary and gave us a lesson in deftly cutting a narrower swath using only the haft-end half of the blade while keeping cool in the process. The pros and cons to be considered! Perhaps other readers will have opinions on the better strategy.
It was the museum’s first haymaking day and a great success. Jakob is keen to arrange another and to share skills with others – perhaps we’ll be able to welcome Jakob over to a British event or for a British team to visit this remarkable corner of Denmark.
A journalist reporting on the event for the local online newspaper gave the resulting article  the headline “Thus it was when Grandfather harvested”. We hope the day interested a new generation in Grandfather’s skills.
Ian and Susan

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Dawn mowing at Brantwood

Sally Beamish, Estate Manager at Brantwood, the former home of John Ruskin and perhaps the most idyllic house in the Lake District,  invited the north-west scything group to a dawn mow of a lakeside haymeadow which is at present cut with brushcutters.  14 scythers gathered at 6 am on 11 July. Our task was to mow the area for the outdoor theatre event next week. A dip in the lake and a delicious rustic breakfast followed. If anything would encourage anybody to start scything, this must surely be it!
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The hay meadow, against the backdrop of Conston Old Man, Wetherlam and the calm surface of Conston lake (above), in front of Brantwood house (below). 
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Mowers’ breakfast
Mowers included Edward and Romola Acland, Sally Beamish, Rebecca Haft, Lisa Hine, Owen Jones, Kate Lennox, Ian and Susan Pettman, Kathleen Robertshaw, Justin Marsh and guests, and we were joined by Brantwood Director Howard Hull.

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Sharpometer

One of the keys to efficient, easy mowing is a sharp blade acheived through peening and sharpening with whetstones. But how sharp is sharp? This year for the Somerset Scythe Festival there was talk of having a peening competition which, I’m glad to say, didn’t take place.  For me peening is something to be done carefully with awareness and not to be rushed.  I teach that peening is a relaxing activity that you undertake at the end of the day to take time to connect with and care for your scythe. Peter Vido calls it “my very enjoyable centering period of a summer’s day”.
So I was pleased that this was forgotten on the day but there was a certain tension in the air when Richard Brown unveiled his ‘Sharpometer’ based on a spring balance pulling a loop of cotton thread against the sharpened scythe blade. Since a scythe should be cutting with a slicing action I’m not sure how relevant the test was but it was a curiously fascinating device that we couldn’t tear ourselves away from and provided some good-natured competition on Saturday.
We discussed various improvements to the device and experiments that could be conducted to see the effects of mowing and honing in the field on the blade’s sharpness. It was also interesting to see how a brand-new blade had a very high (and therefore poor) score. I had been keeping a couple of my scythe blades to sharpen during the festival weekend so once they were finished I carefully sharpened and honed them with the whetstones before putting one on the sharpometer. After my first try, I realised there was just the merest burr still left on the edge so I polished this away and reduced the force required from 280g to 200g, with only Richard himself getting a lower ‘score’ with 180g (for comparison, a new stanley knife blade was measured at 160g).
With this kind of test we are peening the blade extremely thinly to offer least resistance to the thread. In real life, I peen the edge to suit the kind of vegetation I am cutting; a very fine edge for grasses and a steeper bevel angle for tougher work such as nettles, brambles or cereals. This is where it is useful to have separate scythe blades for different occasions.

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Mowing in the Czech Republic

I’m heading off this week on holiday – to go mowing! Christiane and I are driving to Valašské Klobouky in South Moravia, close to the Slovakian border to take part in a volunteer project run by Kosenka, mowing and making hay on 6ha of meadows.
For me it will be a really great opportunity to mow on a large scale with a group of others. I’m interested to see what snaths and blades they’re using, the forks and rakes and to learn more about haymaking.
See more photos of last year’s project here.

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Russian Snaths

The production company for ‘Anna Karenina’ have decided they want 30 extras for the mowing scene with Levin. At the beginning of the week I was commissioned to make the straight Russian-style snaths for everyone. Since time is short and I’m away next week, I set off to collect the poles straight away.
For the snaths to work well, it has to fit to both the mower and the blade. As I work through the pile of poles I rotate each one in my hands to choose the best orientation. The bottom of the pole is shaved to fit the blade clamp and also to match with the tang angle. With wild wood like this, each snath will be unique and it’s an interesting process to make the most of the natural kinks and curves.
Once the blade end is complete, I’ll carve a handgrip and fit it at the correct point for each person when I have their measurements, to make an individually-fitted and bespoke snath. Perfect for Russian peasants!

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Cumbria Scythe Weekend – Team Mowing

The Sunday of our Cumbria Scythe Weekend was a group mowing day for members of the ‘North West Mowing Group’. This is mostly folk who met when I was teaching at the Scythe Festival in Elterwater last July. We meet up during the mowing season on an informal basis to share the pleasure of working with the scythe and enjoy good company.

The aim for this day was to cut one of the meadows at Sprint Mill, near Kendal for hay. Many people use their scythe for trimming the garden, controlling weeds or tidying so this is a chance to practise on a meadow scale but with a few others to share the workload. The grass was in brilliant condition, the weather hot and the view out over the hills made stopping for a breather all the more pleasurable.
Once I’d sorted out a plan for the day and started people off, I went back over to the orchard with Gill Barron and Beth Tilston to finish the mowing there and turn the grass we cut during the course on Saturday. After being occupied all that day with teaching it was a treat to be mowing myself and I was looking forward to being part of the ‘team’. The grass was already drying well in the hot sun hay and fluffed up a treat on it’s way to making hay.
By the time we got back to the meadow the team was well under way and a third of the grass was already cut. When mowing in a team, the first person sets off with their swath and, once they’ve got a safe distance ahead the second person starts to follow. After a time, the next person goes and the mowing is staggered. It’s thought that the song ‘One man went to mow, went to mow a meadow..’ is about team mowing and indicates when the first mower (‘one man went..’), second mower (‘two man went..’) and so on, should start. Since the rows were quite short here, we opened up extra swaths across the meadow to start two and even three team during the day.
The field filled up with mowers and the sound of scythes sweeping through the sward (does anyone know the collective noun for mowers?). We have very open, non-competitive atmosphere and everyone is happy to help each other and share what they’ve learned. A few non-mowing friends had heard about the day and were quickly introduced to the scythe and given some instruction to get them involved. It’s no substitute for a proper training course but enough to start people off and give them the bug.
Of course, there was plenty of time for talking through the day with discussion of plans for meadow restoration projects, Ian & Susan’s mowing in Denmark and the possibilities of building on the success of this weekend and developing it into a festival for the public to see and learn more about using a scythe.
After the last of the grass was cut and spread out to dry we went down to the mill for a welcome cup of tea with homemade jam and bread. We calculated the meadow to be 0.75 acres and discussed the idea of making hay at the end of the summer on a 1.25 acre meadow elsewhere on the holding. The question of how to bale the finished hay is still to be answered but I’m sure I’ve seen a hand-baler somewhere so I’ll follow that up.
After everyone else had gone home Gill, Beth & I finished the day off by collecting yellow rattle seed from the other meadows for sowing in the autumn. A brilliant weekend that I can’t wait to repeat.

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Cumbria Scythe Weekend

What a weekend! Under glorious blue skies I spent two fantastic days of mowing at Sprint Mill near Kendal.
On Saturday I ran the second of my ‘Mowing with an Austrian Scythe’ courses for a group of 6 students. This time, nearly everyone already had their own scythe and some experience of working with it but had come along to learn how to set it up properly, improve their technique or get a refresher course. There are a lot of subtleties to mowing and it’s a very worthwhile thing to follow up a beginners’ course to check your progress.
The importance of this became obvious both in the set-up and as we went into the field. We adjusted the handgrip positions for several people to make the mowing more comfortable and spent some time early in the day on reviewing sharpening. We were mowing again in the orchard and it was amazing to see how much the grass had grown from the course at the end of May and how much the compost heap had shrunk.
The new growth was lovely to learn with and by the afternoon session we were mowing the longr grass which gave students a chance to see the difference of cutting different vegetation. It is always very satisfying for me to see everyone improving and enjoying mowing through the day and we once again cut a huge amount of grass. As the weather was so good we spread the grass out to make hay.
It was tempting to carry on and complete the meadow but time was moving on and we still had the blade peening to cover.  To avoid overloading folk I keep this to a short demonstration of peening with the jig and the common pitfalls. It’s enough at this stage and I want to give as much time as possible to practising the actual mowing technique.
A few more photos of the day here.
Sunday was a group mowing day for the ‘NW scythe group’, a growing collection of folk which came out of the Scythe Festival in Cumbria last year. More of that in the next post.
Read some feedback from students on this course here.

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Rust cleaning

It’s summertime and the living is a bit hectic but exciting with all the current scythe goings-on so not much time for making. Charlie and I are getting close to finishing the cleft-oak signposts  and, when I get a spare moment, I fit in some of my own work – more on that another time.
My tool-restoration project continues with the discovery that vinegar, as well as being great on chips and for cleaning the windows, is a miraculous rust-remover. I thought that things like my block plane and these calipers were scrap but after a 20 min soak the rust just wiped off with a bit of steel wool.

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Extra Extra!

In amongst all the other goings-on at this year’s Somerset Scythe Festival was a woman searching out extras for a scene in the new Anna Karenina film starring Jude Law and Keira Knightley. By all accounts there’s a scene featuring the grass being cut by scythe and the production team are looking for people who can mow to take part when it’s filmed later in the year.
Of course this is too good an opportunity to miss so we all queued up to be photographed and give our names and contact details.  Some were more keen than others, particularly my friend John Letts who, in his efforts to meet Ms Knightley offered, amongst other things, to grow a beard for the part, his services as ‘ancient crops consultant’ and access to his own fields of ancient wheat for filming!
Stardom awaits, keep watching this space (and possibly ‘Hello’ magazine) for the gossip!

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Haystack Race

Almost forgot, the ‘Haystack Race’ was won by Simon Fairlie and Mike Ingram of ‘Team Pitchfork’.  What the winning time was, or how a winner was even chosen is beyond me.
 
   

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